With 2 clinics located in Central London and 2 in North-West London, Dr Arun Rajendran takes pride in offering expert, friendly, and effective care for a comprehensive range of conditions affecting the gullet, stomach, colon, and liver.
+44 (0)20 3404 5254
mailgastro@pm.me
London clinic and Onewelbeck
BMI The Clementine Churchill Hospital
OSD Healthcare
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver. These stones can range from small grains to larger, more painful stones, causing discomfort or serious complications like cholelithiasis or biliary sludge.
The Role of the Gallbladder in Digestion
The gallbladder stores and releases bile, aiding in the digestion of fats. When bile contains excessive cholesterol or waste products, it can lead to the formation of gallstones, also known as bile stones or calculi in gallbladder.
Symptoms and Signs
Recognising Gallstone Symptoms
Pain in the upper right abdomen
Stomach pain or shoulder pain
Nausea and Vomiting
Fever
Shoulder pain
Dark urine and stool colour changes
Causes and Risk Factors
What Causes Gallstones?
Excess cholesterol in bile (gallstone reason)
Obesity and rapid weight loss
Pregnancy hormones (gallstones in pregnancy)
Genetics
Other Causes of Gallstone Formation
Gallbladder sludge or biliary sludge in gallbladder
Diets high in fat and low in fibre
Fasting and gallstones risks
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Diagnosing Gallstones and Cholelithiasis
Blood tests: Used to check for signs of infection, inflammation or problems with the liver and pancreas.
Ultrasound Scan: The first-line and most reliable imaging test to detect gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
Other Imaging MRCP/CT: Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or CT scans may be used if complications or bile duct stones are suspected.
Treatment for Gallstones
Watchful Waiting: If gallstones cause no symptoms, no immediate treatment is needed—regular monitoring is recommended (NHS, NICE).
Endoscopic Procedures: For stones in the bile duct, an endoscopic procedure called ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) may be used to remove them.
Medications: Medicines such as ursodeoxycholic acid can dissolve certain types of gallstones, but are rarely used because they work slowly and stones often come back.
Pain Relief: Painkillers and supportive care are used to manage symptoms during acute attacks.
Surgical Options for Gallstones
In severe cases, a gallbladder removal operation (cholecystectomy) may be necessary to prevent recurrent gall attacks and other complications. The most common and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones is surgical removal of the gallbladder, usually by keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery.
Avoid crash diets, lose weight gradually if needed.
Don’t skip meals; regular eating helps bile flow properly.
Include wholegrain, fruit, veg, and pulses in your diet.
Limit fried foods, fatty meats, and creamy sauces.
Regular exercise supports digestion and weight control.
Expert Care for Gallstones
Specialist Care for Gallstones and Gallbladder Conditions
Our team of experts offers personalised care for gallstone disease, including treatment for acute cholecystitis causes and managing cholecystolithiasis symptoms. Whether you need a consultation for gallstone attack symptoms or advice on natural treatments for gallstones, we are here to help.